海运的博客

armbian下载地址：
https://yadi.sk/d/pHxaRAs-tZiei
写入u盘linux下使用dd，windows下可使用以下：
https://etcher.io/
https://www.alexpage.de/usb-image-tool/download/

查看uboot的默认变量，保存在/dev/env设备中，armbian4.18内核不能识别此设备，3.14内核可以，查看默认启动命令为start_autoscript：

fw_printenv | grep bootcmd
bootcmd=run start_autoscript; run storeboot;

start_autoscript判断有usb刚执行start_usb_autoscript命令，mmc执行start_mmc_autoscript，具体如下：

start_autoscript=if usb start ; then run start_usb_autoscript; fi; run start_mmc_autoscript;
start_mmc_autoscript=if fatload mmc 0 1020000 s905_autoscript; then autoscr 1020000; fi;if fatload mmc 1 1020000 s905_autoscript; then autoscr 1020000; fi;
start_emmc_autoscript=if fatload mmc 1 1020000 emmc_autoscript; then autoscr 1020000; fi;
start_usb_autoscript=if fatload usb 0 1020000 s905_autoscript; then autoscr 1020000; fi; if fatload usb 1 1020000 s905_autoscript; then autoscr 1020000; fi; if fatload usb 2 1020000 s905_autoscript; then autoscr 1020000; fi; if fatload usb 3 1020000 s905_autoscript; then autoscr 1020000; fi;

start_usb_autoscript 加载usb设备1和2 fat分区根目录s905_autoscript文件并执行，s905_autoscript内容如下：

setenv env_addr    "0x10400000"
setenv kernel_addr "0x11000000"
setenv initrd_addr "0x13000000"
setenv boot_start booti ${kernel_addr} ${initrd_addr} ${dtb_mem_addr}
if fatload usb 0 ${kernel_addr} zImage; then if fatload usb 0 ${initrd_addr} uInitrd; then if fatload usb 0 ${env_addr} uEnv.ini; then env import -t ${env_addr} ${filesize};run cmdline_keys;fi; if fatload usb 0 ${dtb_mem_addr} dtb.img; then run boot_start; else store dtb read ${dtb_mem_addr}; run boot_start;fi;fi;fi;
if fatload usb 1 ${kernel_addr} zImage; then if fatload usb 1 ${initrd_addr} uInitrd; then if fatload usb 1 ${env_addr} uEnv.ini; then env import -t ${env_addr} ${filesize};run cmdline_keys;fi; if fatload usb 1 ${dtb_mem_addr} dtb.img; then run boot_start; else store dtb read ${dtb_mem_addr}; run boot_start;fi;fi;fi;
if fatload mmc 0 ${kernel_addr} zImage; then if fatload mmc 0 ${initrd_addr} uInitrd; then if fatload mmc 0 ${env_addr} uEnv.ini; then env import -t ${env_addr} ${filesize};run cmdline_keys;fi; if fatload mmc 0 ${dtb_mem_addr} dtb.img; then run boot_start; else store dtb read ${dtb_mem_addr}; run boot_start;fi;fi;fi;
if fatload mmc 1 ${kernel_addr} zImage; then if fatload mmc 1 ${initrd_addr} uInitrd; then if fatload mmc 1 ${env_addr} uEnv.ini; then env import -t ${env_addr} ${filesize};run cmdline_keys;fi; if fatload mmc 1 ${dtb_mem_addr} dtb.img; then run boot_start; else store dtb read ${dtb_mem_addr}; run boot_start;fi;fi;fi;

s905_autoscript加载所在分区zImage、uInitrd、dtb.img、uEnv.ini文件，并引导系统启动。

更改uboot变量方法如下：

fw_setenv start_autoscript "if usb start ; then run start_usb_autoscript; fi; if ext4load mmc 1:c 1020000 /boot/s905_autoscript; then autoscr 1020000; fi;"

对于s905_autoscript文件可用mkimage生成：

mkimage -C none -A arm -T script -d /boot/s905_autoscript.cmd /boot/s905_autoscript

安装debootstrap和qemu-user-static：

apt install apt-transport-https qemu qemu-user-static binfmt-support debootstrap

构建ubuntu 18.04系统，基础包为minbase，使用清大的源：

qemu-debootstrap --arch arm64 --variant=minbase --include=whiptail,ca-certificates,tzdata bionic rootfs http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/

配置软件源：

cat > rootfs/etc/apt/sources.list <<EOF
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

配置网络信息：

mkdir rootfs/etc/network/ 
echo 'nameserver 192.168.168.1' > rootfs/etc/resolv.conf
echo 'ubuntu-18.04' > rootfs/etc/hostname
cat > rootfs/etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml <<EOF
network:
    ethernets:
        eth0:
            addresses:
            - 192.168.168.6/24
            dhcp4: false
            gateway4: 192.168.168.1
            nameservers:
                addresses:
                - 192.168.168.1
                search: []
    version: 2
EOF

挂载本地设备文件到rootfs：

mount -t proc /proc  rootfs/proc 
mount -t sysfs /sys  rootfs/sys 
mount -o bind /dev  rootfs/dev 
mount -o bind /dev/pts  rootfs/dev/pts 

chroot rootfs内配置：

LANG=C.UTF-8 chroot rootfs/  /bin/bash

在rootfs内执行：

cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
apt update
apt upgrade
apt install systemd -y 
apt install wireless-regdb crda -y
apt install rsyslog udev dbus kmod openssh-server netplan.io man vim wget net-tools sysstat tmux less wireless-regdb crda dosfstools parted rng-tools -y
echo 'PermitRootLogin yes' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
passwd root
umount /dev/pts/ /dev/ /proc/ /sys 
exit

为方便使用之前编译的内核和armbian的uInitrd、firmware文件，挂载armbian的img镜像到本地：

losetup -P -f --show Armbian_5.62_Aml-s9xxx_Ubuntu_bionic_default_4.18.7_20181012.img
mount /dev/loop3p2 /mnt
mount /dev/loop3p2 /mnt/boot
mv /mnt/boot/* rootfs/boot/
mv /mnt/lib/modules/ rootfs/lib/
#也可安装armbian的firmware-aml-4.18-20181011_5.62_arm64.deb
mv /mnt/lib/firmware/ rootfs/lib/
mv /mnt/etc/modprobe.d/ rootfs/etc/
mv /mnt/etc/fstab rootfs/etc/
mv /mnt/root/install.sh rootfs/root/

将armbain镜像内的文件全部删除，将新做的系统移动过去。

rm -rf /mnt/*
mv rootfs/boot/* /mnt/boot/
mv rootfs/* /mnt/

参考：
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/installation-guide/s390x/apds04.html

打印机通过usb接口连接n1，ubuntu/armbian要安装usblp内核模块，查看本机是否有usblp模块：

modinfo usblp
filename:       /lib/modules/4.18.7-aml-s9xxx/kernel/drivers/usb/class/usblp.ko
license:        GPL
description:    USB Printer Device Class driver

如果没有需编译内核usblp模块，可参考：https://www.haiyun.me/archives/1266.html
系统软件源使用所有，不然很多打印机驱动没有：

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

然后安装配置cpus

apt update
apt install cups

修改为以下配置：

#这行很重要，是否将共享的打印机让本地网络发现，如使用airprint。
Browsing on
Listen 0.0.0.0:631
<Location />
  Order allow,deny
  Allow all
</Location>

<Location /admin>
  Order allow,deny
  Allow all
</Location>

重启cups：

systemctl restart cups
systemctl restart cups-browsed

将打印机和n1连接，此时内核日志应该提示打印机已连接：

dmesg|tail -n 1
usblp 1-1:1.1: usblp0: USB Bidirectional printer dev 8 if 1 alt 0 proto 2 vid 0x04A9 pid 0x176C

cups有此打印机驱动也正常识别了：

lpinfo -v      
network ipp
direct usb://Canon/MG2400%20series?serial=988776&interface=1

查看支持的打印机驱动：

lpinfo -m

访问cups web管理界面添加打印机，地址：ip:631，配置很简单，详细步骤略过。
添加打印机后iphone应该就能通过airprint识别打印机了。
windows下可在控制面板下添加打印机，地址为ip:631/printers/name

遇到的一些问题：
1.开机启动时加载内核驱动失败，cups默认会加载lp/ppdev/parport_pc内核驱动，由于已使用usblp内核驱动，可将这些注释掉，/etc/modules-load.d/cups-filters.conf
2.通过cups打印时没反应，内核提示usblp0: removed，打印机未正常工作，可将打印机连接至电脑查看具体原因。

更多参考：
http://www.winotmk.com/2017/03/1136
https://www.ncnynl.com/archives/201608/742.html
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2295559

将armbian写入N1 mmc分区的时候将分区搞坏了，启动时显示logo界面后一直黑屏，不能进入android系统和通过U盘启动，也就没办法进入线刷模式，准备拆机短接进入线刷模式，再不行上TTL线，偶然在恩山看到通过插拔电源接口线可进入线刷模式，试了下刷机成功，万幸。
1.打开刷机软件导入镜像，点击开始。
2.N1盒子端拔掉电源线，用双公头USB线连接电脑和盒子
3.插入电源线，不出意外开始刷机。

参考：
http://www.right.com.cn/forum/thread-336312-1-1.html
http://www.right.com.cn/forum/thread-335972-1-1.html